Eco-Friendly Travel in Cambodia
Over the years, I have come to realise that travel is deeply intertwined with the concept of sustainability, and for very good reason. The pandemic forced the tourism industry to a standstill, prompting me to reflect on the multifaceted impacts of travel. This period of introspection reinforced a fundamental belief I hold dear: travel should be a force for good in the world. When I think about sustainable tourism in Cambodia, I see a wealth of opportunities to create meaningful connections between visitors and the local community.
Embracing sustainable practices doesn’t have to be just a topic of conversation; it can be a transformative aspect of my journey that enriches both my experience and the lives of those I encounter. To help me embark on a more conscious adventure, I’ve gathered some key ideas that can guide me in making my next trip to this extraordinary country not only enjoyable but also beneficial to the people and environment around me. Embracing these principles will not only enhance my travels but also ensure that my presence contributes positively to the beautiful tapestry of Cambodia.
Nestled in the heart of Southeast Asia, Cambodia is a nation rich in history, resplendent in culture, steeped in spiritual traditions, and blessed with breath- taking landscapes. It offers visitors an opportunity to explore ancient civilisations, warm-hearted communities, and a natural beauty that resonates with the soul. This comprehensive overview invites you to delve into the myriad facets of Cambodia—its storied past, vibrant cultural heritage, diverse religions, and stunning natural environments.
Cambodia's history is as intricate as the intricate carvings of its temples. The Khmer Empire, which flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, was a beacon of civilisation in Southeast Asia. It was during this era that the magnificent temples of Angkor were constructed, with Angkor Wat standing out as the epitome of Khmer architecture. This colossal temple complex, initially dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, is not only a UNESCO World Heritage site but also a powerful symbol of Cambodian identity.
However, the nation's history is not without its darker chapters. The 20th century brought turmoil, most notably during the Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot in the late 1970s, which resulted in the deaths of approximately two million Cambodians. The aftermath of this genocide deeply affected the nation's socio-economic landscape and cultural psyche. However, Cambodians have displayed remarkable resilience, and in the years since, the country has been on a path of reconciliation and growth.
Cambodian culture is a vibrant mosaic shaped by its historical roots and diverse influences. The traditional Khmer society is known for its rich artistic expressions, including dance, music, and art. A highlight of Cambodian culture is the Apsara dance, a classical ballet that reflects the grace and elegance of Khmer heritage. Rooted in ancient temple carvings, this dance art form tells stories of mythological characters and is often performed during ceremonial occasions. Furthermore, Cambodia is known for its intricate silk weaving and wood carving, both of which have ancient origins. Markets in cities like Siem Reap and Phnom Penh buzz with activity as local artisans display their exquisite handicrafts, contributing to the preservation of traditional skills while also fostering economic growth.
Festivals play a pivotal role in Cambodian culture, with events such as the Water Festival (Bon Om Touk), which celebrates the annual reversal of the Tonle Sap River's flow, showcasing local traditions, boat races, and vibrant celebrations. Another significant occasion is the Khmer New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey), which involves multiple days of joyous festivities that honour ancestors and welcome the New Year with offerings and traditional games.
Religion occupies a central role in Cambodian life, with around 95% of the population practicing Theravada Buddhism. Monks clad in saffron robes can be seen throughout the country, embodying the nation’s spiritual essence. Temples, or “wat,” are not just places of worship; they form the heart of many communities, serving as centres for education and social support. The profound influence of Buddhism is evident in several aspects of daily life and cultural expressions, from the rituals surrounding birth and marriage to the practices of mindfulness and meditation. While Buddhism predominantly shapes the spiritual landscape, Cambodia is also home to a rich tapestry of other religions and beliefs, including Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. Moreover, animism remains interwoven with spiritual practices, as many Cambodians still honour the spirits of the land and their ancestors through various rituals, reflecting a unique blend of beliefs that coexist harmoniously.
Cambodia’s natural beauty is truly a sight to behold, from its lush jungles and rolling hills to its extensive waterways. The country is home to several national parks and protected areas, which are crucial for conserving its rich biodiversity. The Cardamom Mountains, for instance, are one of Southeast Asia’s largest rainforests and host a diverse array of flora and fauna, including the endangered Indochinese tiger and Asian elephant. The Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, is also an ecological wonder. It serves as a vital source of fish and sustains millions of people who depend on its abundant resources for their livelihoods. The lake undergoes an extraordinary seasonal fluctuation in size, which facilitates a rich biodiversity and is recognised as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. Additionally, Cambodia's coastal areas offer stunning beaches and islands, like those found in Sihanoukville and Koh Rong, which are becoming increasingly popular destinations for both local and international tourists seeking sun, sand, and adventure.
Cambodia is a country that stands resilient amid the scars of history, showcasing a vibrant culture and rich heritage to the world. Its people are known for their warmth and hospitality, welcoming visitors with open arms. The interplay of ancient traditions with modern aspirations is evident in both rural villages and urban centres, offering a unique perspective on the Cambodian identity.
Travellers to Cambodia are not just guests but participants in a living tapestry that celebrates resilience, creativity, and faith. From the awe-inspiring ruins of Angkor to the untouched beauty of its landscapes, Cambodia invites exploration and inspires a deeper understanding of its compelling journey, a journey that continues to unfold with each passing day. As Cambodia navigates the path towards a modern future, the essence of its history, culture, and nature remains a beacon of hope and an invitation to discover the beauty of this remarkable nation.
I wholeheartedly believe that tourism has the potential to be a powerful force for good. It creates jobs, bolsters local economies, and fosters cultural sensitivity as travellers immerse themselves in the unique lifestyles of different countries. Yet, I cannot ignore the darker side of this phenomenon known as overtourism. The influx of mass crowds can lead to environmental degradation, cultural erosion, and an overwhelming strain on local resources. So, how do I navigate this paradox? I choose to embrace undertourism. By bypassing overcrowded hotspots and venturing off the well-trodden tourist trails, I seek out lesser-known, yet equally remarkable, destinations. One country that stands out to me as an ideal example of this is Cambodia. While it may not receive as many tourists as its neighbouring countries like Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, Cambodia is rich in wonder and deeply deserving of attention.
From the stunning limestone caves of the Bokor Mountains to the charming cityscape of Kampong Chhnang, Cambodia is filled with hidden treasures waiting to be discovered. I find immense joy in exploring lesser-known temples and wandering through lush, tranquil rice paddies, all while enjoying a sense of seclusion that allows me to connect more deeply with the local culture. And if I ever feel the pull of iconic sites, I know I am never too far from masterpieces like Angkor Wat, allowing me to experience the best of both worlds. By choosing undertourism, I not only enrich my travel experiences but also contribute to the sustainability and preservation of these beautiful destinations.
I am passionate about the concept of Philantourism, which resonates deeply with me. It’s about making mindful travel decisions that allow me to contribute positively to the communities I visit. By choosing destinations where my presence can have a meaningful impact, I believe I can harness the power of travel for good. In Cambodia, I can see just how crucial tourism is to the nation’s growth. It’s staggering to learn that tourism accounts for 11.5% of the country's gross domestic product and supports over 780,000 jobs which is over 12% of total employment. This realisation makes my travel experience all the more enriching. I can immerse myself in the breath-taking beauty of the ancient temple complexes, wander through the lush, wildlife-filled jungles, and savour the exquisite local cuisine, all while knowing that my spending is directly benefiting local businesses and helping to sustain the economy.
By embracing Philantourism, I not only get to explore the wonders of Cambodia but also play a part in promoting sustainable tourism. It’s a win-win situation: I gain unforgettable memories, and the local communities thrive. This approach to travel not only enhances the experience for me but also fosters a sense of responsibility and connection to the places I visit.
Community-Based Tourism proved to be a vital aspect of sustainable tourism, emphasising the importance of engaging in experiences owned and operated by local communities. I realised that by doing so, the economic benefits remained within the community, fostering growth and sustainability. These authentic interactions not only enriched my travels but also deepened my understanding of the local culture and way of life. During my time in Cambodia, I had the opportunity to stay in a traditional homestay near the remote Banteay Chhmar temple, immersing myself in the local customs and traditions. I also embarked on an ethical expedition with the community-run Wehh Project, where I visited remote hill tribes and learned first-hand about their unique lifestyles. Additionally, I visited the Osoam Community, an eco-tourism initiative committed to building a sustainable future for its residents. The possibilities for using travel as a force for good in Cambodia were truly endless, and I felt fortunate to experience this unique corner of the world. These adventures left an indelible mark on my heart, reminding me of the profound impact that responsible and community-focused tourism can have on both travellers and the communities they visit.
When I think about sustainable tourism in Cambodia, I realise it goes far beyond simply injecting money into local communities; it's about deeply engaging with Indigenous cultures and practices, listening to their stories, and appreciating the challenges they have faced throughout history. With fewer than 200,000 Khmer Loeu residing in Cambodia, my visits as a tourist can offer them vital visibility that has been all too elusive. Their future hangs in a precarious balance, threatened by the relentless over-development of their natural surroundings. Yet, by choosing to explore places that hold traditional Cambodian culture at their heart, I can forge genuine and meaningful connections.
For instance, when I visited the 'Iron Kuy' in Preah Vihear, I was not just a tourist; I became part of a lineage that connected me to the Kuy blacksmiths, who skilfully forge traditional daggers and knives. These artisans are the custodians of a craft that once played a pivotal role in equipping the Khmer empire for battle. Standing in their workshops, I am reminded of the rich history and resilience that these communities embody. Similarly, my journey took me to Yeak Laom Lake in Ratanakiri, a sacred site for the Tompoun people. Here, I immersed myself in their cultural practices by visiting the nearby Tompoun community center, where I discovered an abundance of information about their customs. The centre often hosts music performances during festivals that offered me a chance to witness the vibrancy of their traditions first-hand.
These experiences not only enriched my travels but also served to promote cultural recognition and understanding. By traveling sustainably, I contributed to the preservation of these remarkable cultures while enriching my own perspective. Through authentic interactions and mutual respect, I helped ensure that the voices of the Khmer Loeu are heard, celebrated, and sustained for generations to come.
“We travel, some of us forever, to seek other states, other lives, other souls.” – Anais Nin
